The rate is locked when you open the FD. Interest usually compounds quarterly and is taxed at your slab rate each year, whether paid out or reinvested.
Breaking an FD early usually costs a penalty of 0.5% to 1% on the rate. FDs up to ₹5 lakh per bank are insured by DICGC.
Example
₹1,00,000 at 7% for 5 years, compounded quarterly, grows to about ₹1,41,478.



